Döscher, Hans-Jürgen (2000). "Reichskristallnacht" – Die Novemberpogrome 1938 ("'Reichskristallnacht': The November pogroms of 1938"), Econ, 2000, ISBN 3-612-26753-1, p. 131

McCullough, Colin, and Nathan Wilson, eds. Violence, Memory, and History: Western Perceptions of Kristallnacht (2014) online In the weeks that followed, the German government promulgated dozens of laws and decrees designed to deprive Jews of their property and of their means of livelihood. Many of these laws enforced “Aryanization” policy—the transfer of Jewish-owned enterprises and property to “Aryan” ownership, usually for a fraction of their true value. Ensuing legislation barred Jews, already ineligible for employment in the public sector, from practicing most professions in the private sector. The legislation made further strides in removing Jews from public life. German education officials expelled Jewish children still attending German schools. German Jews lost their right to hold a driver's license or own an automobile. Legislation restricted access to public transport. Jews could no longer gain admittance to “German” theaters, movie cinemas, or concert halls. American Press Reports on Kristallnacht In 1989, Al Gore, then a senator from Tennessee and later Vice President of the United States, wrote of an "ecological Kristallnacht" in The New York Times. He opined that events which were then taking place, such as deforestation and ozone depletion, prefigured a greater environmental catastrophe in the same way that Kristallnacht prefigured the Holocaust. [84] a b Multiple (1998). "Kristallnacht". The Hutchinson Encyclopedia. Hutchinson Encyclopedias (18thed.). London: Helicon. p.1,199. ISBN 1-85833-951-0.Vom Rath's assassination sparked what the Nazis had been planning for months, a nationwide pogrom and orgy of destruction against the Jews, across the Third Reich (Germany, Austria and Sudetenland). Kristallnacht marked a turning point in relations between Nazi Germany and the rest of the world. The brutality of the pogrom, and the Nazi government's deliberate policy of encouraging the violence once it had begun, laid bare the repressive nature and widespread anti-Semitism entrenched in Germany. World opinion thus turned sharply against the Nazi regime, with some politicians calling for war. On 6 December 1938, William Cooper, an Aboriginal Australian, led a delegation of the Australian Aboriginal League on a march through Melbourne to the German Consulate to deliver a petition which condemned the "cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany". German officials refused to accept the tendered document. [76]

Göring, who was in favor of expropriating the property of the Jews rather than destroying it as had happened in the pogrom, directly complained to Sicherheitspolizei Chief Heydrich immediately after the events: "I'd rather you had done in two-hundred Jews than destroy so many valuable assets!" ( "Mir wäre lieber gewesen, ihr hättet 200 Juden erschlagen und hättet nicht solche Werte vernichtet!"). [48] Göring met with other members of the Nazi leadership on 12 November to plan the next steps after the riot, setting the stage for formal government action. In the transcript of the meeting, Göring said, a b c d "Kristallnacht". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018. Welch, Susan. "American opinion toward Jews during the Nazi era: Results from quota sample polling during the 1930s and 1940s." Social science quarterly 95.3 (2014): 615-635. online Daily Telegraph, 12 November 1938. Cited in Gilbert, Martin. Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction. HarperCollins, 2006, p. 142.In the early hours of November 10, coordinated destruction broke out in cities, towns and villages throughout the Third Reich. Corb, Noam (2020). " "From Tears Come Rivers, from Rivers Come Oceans, from Oceans -a Flood": The Polenaktion, 1938-1939". Yad Vashem Studies. 48: 21–69.

Proposals were made to settle Jewish in British Guiana, Brazil, Madagascar, Uganda and Tanganyika but all were abandoned.Minutes centered Healthy Buildings coauthor Joe Allen’s research in a feature story on how indoor air systems continue to be crucial to curbing the spread of viral disease. Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. "Our Jewish Brethren: Christian Responses to Kristallnacht in Canadian Mass Media." Journal of Ecumenical Studies 46.4 (2011): 537-548. online [ dead link] GermanNotes, "Kristallnacht - Night of Broken Glass". Archived from the original on 19 April 2005 . Retrieved 6 March 2009. , retrieved 26 November 2007

Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox. By signing up you agree to our terms of use The Hiding Place by Corrie Ten Boom, with Elizabeth and John Sherrill Williams, Rob (26 January 2014). "Tom Perkins: Billionaire venture capitalist ridiculed after writing letter comparing the treatment of rich Americans to the Holocaust". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015 . Retrieved 27 January 2014. Kristallnacht changed the nature of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews from economic, political, and social exclusion to physical violence, including beatings, incarceration, and murder; the event is often referred to as the beginning of the Holocaust. In this view, it is not only described as a pogrom, it is also described as a critical stage within a process in which each step becomes the seed of the next step. [80] An account cited that Hitler's green light for Kristallnacht was made with the belief that it would help him realize his ambition of getting rid of the Jews in Germany. [80] Prior to this large-scale and organized violence against the Jews, the Nazi's primary objective was to eject them from Germany, leaving their wealth behind. [80] In the words of historian Max Rein in 1988, "Kristallnacht came...and everything was changed." [81] As the pogrom spread, units of the SS and Gestapo (Secret State Police), following Heydrich's instructions, arrested up to 30,000 Jewish males, and transferred most of them from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. Yad Vashem said the photos help demonstrate how the German public was aware of what was going on, and that the violence was part of a meticulously coordinated pogrom carried out by Nazi authorities. They even brought in photographers to document the atrocities.

Arrests of Jewish Men

Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms". Online exhibitions, special topics. US Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008 . Retrieved 20 May 2008. Bernd Nellessen, "Die schweigende Kirche: Katholiken und Judenverfolgung", in Büttner (ed) Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, p. 265, cited in Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners (Vintage, 1997).