The Northumbrians: North-East England and Its People: A New History

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Cummins, WA (2009). The Age of the Picts (2nded.). Brimscombe Port Stroud, Gloucester: The History Press. Linguistically, the Northumbrian dialect is closely related to Scots and other traditional Northern English dialects which share a common origin in Northumbrian Middle English. [51] Biodiversity [ edit ] The battle ended with a decisive Pictish victory which severely weakened Northumbria's power in northern Britain. Ecgfrith was killed in battle, along with the greater part of his army. The Pictish victory marked their independence from Northumbria, who never regained their dominance in the north.

Wood, Ian (2008). "Thrymas, Sceattas and the Cult of the Cross". Two Decades of Discovery. Studies in Early Medieval Coinage. Vol.1. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp.23–30. ISBN 978-1-84383-371-0. Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403972996. Scammell, Jean (1966). "The Origin and Limitations of the Liberty of Durham". The English Historical Review. 81 (320): 449–473. doi: 10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXX.449. JSTOR 561658. During the reign of king Oswald of Northumbria, an Irish monk Aidan was invited to reconvert the area to Christianity. He and other Irish monks achieved this and subsequently the Northumbrians helped to reconvert much of the rest of England and also parts of the European continent.Woolf, Alex (2001), Lynch, Michael (ed.), "Britons and Angles", The Oxford Companion to Scottish History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.45–47, ISBN 0192116967 The Magnesian Limestone grasslands of East Durham are a unique habitat not found anywhere else in the world which is particularly important to many species of butterfly and moths. [58] Miller, Young, Butler, Stobbs, Durkin, Mitchell, Coult, Ellis, Wainwright & Olley. (2007). Magical Meadows and the Durham Magnesian Limestone. Durham Wildlife Trust. ISBN 9780955546709. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) In 954 the West Saxon Kings conquered the Kingdom of York, eventually integrating it as a shire within the new English kingdom. [15] The administrative system of shires and hundreds did not extent beyond the Tees with the lands north thereof being left under the control of its native rulers: the Earls of Bamburgh and Community of St Cuthbert. [18] [19] The Scottish victory at the Battle of Carham in 1018, after which Lothian was annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland, set Northumbria's northern frontier on the Tweed rather than the Forth. [20] By the end of the Anglo-Saxon era, the term 'Northumbria' had become restricted in reference to the region between the Tweed and Tees. In the Chronicle of 1065, Norðhymbralande ('Northumberland' or 'Northumbria') was already contrasted with Eoforwicscire ('Yorkshire'). Henry of Huntingdon described northern England as consisting of three counties: the Bishopric of Carlisle, Yorkshire and Northumberland ("over which the Bishop of Durham presides"). [19] Normans [ edit ] Born in Wylam in 1781, he was said to have played a major role in industry on Tyneside and around the world. Read More Related Articles

Petts, David, Dr.; Turner, Sam, Dr. (2011). Early Medieval Northumbria: Kingdoms and Communities, AD450-1100. Isd. ISBN 978-2-503-52822-9. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) In 865 CE, the Vikings halted their practice of periodic hit-and-run raids and invaded Britain in full force. The Great Heathen Army, as it was called by medieval scribes, landed at East Anglia and subdued it and then marched on Northumbria, conquered it, and then took most of Mercia. Northumbria seems to have been taken easily because of conflict between two kings, neither of whose dates are known: Osberht and Aelle. The Northumbrian hegemony over northern Britain, won by Ecgfrith's predecessors, had begun to disintegrate. Several of Northumbria's subject nations had rebelled in recent years, leading to a number of large-scale battles against the Picts, Mercians and Irish, with varied success. After sieges of neighbouring territories carried out by the Picts, Ecgfrith led his forces against them, despite advice to the contrary, in an effort to reassert his suzerainty over the Pictish nations.Pointless host and comedian Alexander Armstrong was born in Rothbury, where his dad Angus worked as a GP. Northumbria, in the modern sense, emerged as a concept in the 19th century. [29] During the second half of the 19th century a cultural movement appeared among the north-eastern intelligentsia who sought to identify the region as a distinct historic nation. The old kingdom of Northumbria was its underlying inspiration, albeit with medieval and early modern histories woven in as well, and the historic counties of Northumberland and Durham were its homeland. In 1834 the Surtees Society was established with focus on publishing 'manuscripts illustrative of the history of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria, principally of County Durham and Northumberland'. [30] The influence of Northumbrian romantic regionalism is most apparent in the development of a distinctly 'Northumbrian' musical identity, differentiated from English folk music as a whole, and compounded in publications such as the Northumbrian Minstrelsy and Rhymes of Northern Bards by drawing upon earlier works from both Northumberland and County Durham. In some sense, the movement paralleled the Irish, Scottish, and Welsh home ruler movements of the time, but unlike the former, did not cross the boundary from unionism to separatism and ultimately remained a cultural movement. [31] Today, the term has been re-established as a legitimate moniker for the region, [32] however, is not the official name for the UK region of North East England. It is likely that these two respectively represented the interests of Bernicia and Deira but this is unclear. Osberht was deposed by Aelle in c. 865 CE; he was claimed by later historians to have usurped the throne. Aelle is featured in the Icelandic saga The Tale of Ragnar's Sons (late 13th/early 14th century CE) which is a sequel to the Icelandic epic The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok (13th century CE), featuring the legendary Viking chieftain. In The Tale of Ragnar's Sons, Aelle defeats and kills Ragnar by throwing him into a pit of snakes. His sons then avenge their father's death by defeating Aelle's army and inflicting the torture of the blood eagle on him. After his death, Ivar the Boneless reigns as king of Northumbria. Innes, C.; Chalmers, P., eds. (1843). Liber S. Thome de Aberbrothoc; Registrorum Abbacie de Aberbrothoc. 1178–1329. Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club.

Ecgfrith's defeat at Dun Nechtain devastated Northumbria's power and influence in the North of Britain. Bede recounts that the Picts recovered their lands that had been held by the Northumbrians and Dál Riatan Scots. He goes on to tell how the Northumbrians who did not flee the Pictish territory were killed or enslaved. [17] The notion of a modern Northumbria was institutionalised in the late 20th century as the name was adopted by a number of regional institutions in the North East, namely the Northumbria Tourist Board, Northumbria Police, Northumbria University and Northumbrian Water. St Cuthbert Reburied in Durham Cathedral". history today. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014 . Retrieved 23 August 2013. In 664, King Oswiu called the Synod of Whitby to determine whether to follow Roman or Irish customs. Since Northumbria was converted to Christianity by the Celtic clergy, the Celtic tradition for determining the date of Easter and Irish tonsure were supported by many, particularly by the Abbey of Lindisfarne. Roman Christianity was also represented in Northumbria, by Wilfrid, Abbot of Ripon. By the year 620, both sides were associating the other's Easter observance with the Pelagian Heresy. [90] The King decided at Whitby that Roman practice would be adopted throughout Northumbria, thereby bringing Northumbria in line with Southern England and Western Europe. [91] Members of the clergy who refused to conform, including the Celtic Bishop Colman of Lindisfarne, returned to Iona. [91] The episcopal seat of Northumbria transferred from Lindisfarne to York, which later became an archbishopric in 735. [92] Impact of Scandinavian raiding, settlement and culture [ edit ]The battle of Dún Nechtain was carried out on the twentieth day of the month of May, a Sunday, in which Ecfrith son of Osu, king of the Saxons, in the 15th year of his rule completed, with magna caterua of his soldiers was killed by Bruide son of Bile king of Fortriu." Hadley, Dawn (2002), "Viking and native: re–thinking identity in the Danelaw", Early Medieval Europe, 11 (1): 45–70, doi: 10.1111/1468-0254.00100, S2CID 154018306 The beauty of the Northumbrian coastline has led to its designation as an area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) Green, Peter. "In Search of St. Hilda". Parish Church of St. Wilfrid, Bognor. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014 . Retrieved 23 August 2013. Annals of Ulster U685.2; Annals of Tigernach T685.2; Bede, Ecclesiastical History IV: XXIV; Annals of Clonmacnoise p. 109

Yorke, Barbara (1 January 1990). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. Seaby. ISBN 978-1-85264-027-9. She was famous for her charity work and was appointed president to the North of England Council for the Higher Education of Women in 1867. On 30 September 2014, as chairman of The Campaign for the North, Harold Elletson launched an all-party pressure group to re-create the ancient Kingdom of Northumbria as a federal state in a new United Kingdom. The Campaign sought 'devo-max' power from Westminster to bring the traditional counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland into a democratic state with powers equal to Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland or London, retaining membership of the European Union. [39] [40] In 2015, he co-founded the Northern Party to campaign for better representation for Northern England. [41] At the 2015 general election, he contested the constituency of Lancaster and Fleetwood, coming last with 0.4% of the vote. [42] At the 2019 general election, he endorsed the incumbent Labour MP, Cat Smith. [43] Hayward, Freddie (26 March 2021). "Can the Northern Independence Party succeed?". New Statesman . Retrieved 26 March 2021. Murphy, D, ed. (1893–95). The Annals of Clonmacnoise. Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland . Retrieved 14 September 2009.Lindisfarne Gospels". BBC. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010 . Retrieved 20 August 2013. Northumbria River Basin district: North East England excluding the Tweed drainage basin; managed by the Northumbria Regional Flood and Coastal Committee (RFCC) [4] Munch, Peter Andreas; Olsen, Magnus Bernhard (1926). Norse mythology: legends of gods and heroes. The American-Scandinavian Foundation. ISBN 9780404045388.